What people are usually looking at when they land here
Almost nobody reads a concrete page for fun. You are out on the slab looking at a crack that was not there in the fall. Or you have a written page from a crew in front of you and one line on it does not make sense. Or somebody gave you a number over the phone and it is nowhere near what you found online. Those are the three ways a person ends up reading about concrete on a Tuesday night.
So the index below is grouped by the subject you are actually standing in, not by the order we felt like writing them. Find the group that matches the thing in front of you and your question is usually a line or two down it.
Every entry is one page and one question, and the title is the question. If the title is not what you asked, it is not your answer, and you have lost about four seconds finding that out.
The number comes first, before any explaining
Each page opens with a short block that answers the question outright. If you asked how long before you can drive on it, the first sentence has days in it. If you asked how thick a shop slab should be, the first sentence has inches in it. That block sits at the top on purpose, so somebody who only wants the number can take it and go back outside.
Under it is the part for people who kept reading: what moves the answer, what it looks like when it goes wrong, and what we would say if you called and described it out loud. Then a couple of follow up questions, because a real answer almost always raises a second one.
Where a page leans on a piece of trade vocabulary, that word carries its own definition page. If what you are stuck on is a word rather than a question, the glossary is the other half of this and it is built the same way.
The questions we left out on purpose
There are questions we get asked that are not on this list, and they are missing for one reason. We do not yet have an answer we are willing to put our name on. Permits are the clearest case. What a county wants for a flat pour is a call the local building official makes, and we would rather point you at a five minute phone conversation than publish a confident sentence that turns out to be wrong at your address. Our Virginia permit guide covers the part of that which is settled, and the rest is worth asking about out loud before anybody sets a form.
The same goes for anything that only reads off your own written estimate. Workmanship warranty terms are confirmed there in writing rather than promised on a web page, and payment terms are spelled out on the same sheet before you sign anything. We could fill those pages with something reasonable sounding. We would rather you get the real one on paper with your address at the top.
Why a concrete crew sat down and wrote all this out
There is no download here and no form between you and the answer. We do not want your email address. A good share of the people who read one of these pages will fix a small thing themselves, or find out their slab is fine and stop worrying, or hire somebody closer to home, and for those pages that is the right outcome.
The rest of it is simple enough. Concrete is a trade where the difference between a thin bid and a real one is buried under the slab where nobody can see it: the base, the thickness, the steel, and where the water goes. Somebody who knows what those four are worth asks better questions of every crew that comes out, ours included. We would rather compete in front of a person who knows what they are looking at.
We are a family run outfit in Woodlawn, just outside Hillsville. We pour flatwork and we run our own trailer mounted line pump, so when one of these answers turns out to be a job rather than a fix, that is who shows up to measure it.
Curing and timing
15 questions- Curing vs Drying: What Is the Difference?
- Does New Concrete Need to Be Watered?
- How Fast Does Concrete Set in Summer Heat?
- How Long Before You Can Drive on New Concrete?
- How Long Before You Can Walk on New Concrete?
- How Long Do Curing Blankets Stay On?
- How Long Does Concrete Cure in Winter?
- How Soon Can You Seal New Concrete?
- What Does a Curing Compound Do?
- What If It Rains Right After a Concrete Pour?
- When Can Furniture Go on a New Patio?
- When Can Heavy Trucks Drive on a New Slab?
- When Can You Pressure Wash New Concrete?
- When Do Concrete Forms Come Off?
- When Does Concrete Reach Full Strength?
Cracks and surface problems
15 questions- Are Hairline Cracks in New Concrete Normal?
- Can Concrete Cracks Be Repaired?
- What Are Concrete Pop Outs?
- What Do Control Joints Actually Do?
- What Is Crazing on a Concrete Surface?
- What Is the White Residue on My Concrete?
- When Is a Concrete Crack Structural?
- Why Are My Concrete Edges Crumbling?
- Why Did My Concrete Slab Sink?
- Why Does Concrete Crack?
- Why Is My Concrete Slab Dusty?
- Why Is My Concrete Spalling?
- Why Is My Concrete Surface Flaking?
- Why Is My Concrete Two Different Colors?
- Will Repaired Concrete Cracks Show?
Mix and strength
15 questions- 3000 vs 4000 PSI: What Changes?
- Can You Add Water to Concrete on Site?
- How Strong Is Concrete After One Week?
- Is a Winter Concrete Mix Different?
- Rebar or Mesh: Which Does a Slab Need?
- What Does Calcium Do in Winter Concrete?
- What Does Fiber Do in Concrete?
- What Is Air Entrained Concrete?
- What Is Concrete Slump?
- What Is Fly Ash in a Concrete Mix?
- What Is High Early Strength Concrete?
- What Mix Makes Exposed Aggregate?
- What PSI Concrete Does a Driveway Need?
- What PSI Do Footings Need?
- What PSI Does a Garage Slab Need?
Thickness and base
15 questions- Can You Pour Concrete Straight on Dirt?
- Can You Pour Concrete on Red Clay?
- Can You Pour Concrete on Solid Rock?
- Can You Pour New Concrete Over Old?
- Do You Need Gravel Under Concrete?
- Does a Slab Need a Vapor Barrier?
- How Much Gravel Goes Under a Slab?
- How Much Slope Does Concrete Need to Drain?
- How Thick Should a Concrete Driveway Be?
- How Thick Should a Concrete Patio Be?
- How Thick Should a Garage Slab Be?
- How Thick Should a Sidewalk Be?
- How Thick for a Shop Floor With a Lift?
- What Holds Rebar Off the Ground?
- Why Does Base Compaction Matter?
Yardage and trucks
15 questions- Can Two Concrete Trucks Pour Together?
- Can a Concrete Truck Drive Over a Septic Field?
- How Far Can a Concrete Truck Chute Reach?
- How Many Bags of Concrete Equal a Yard?
- How Many Yards of Concrete Do I Need?
- How Much Concrete Fits on a Truck?
- How Much Does a Yard of Concrete Weigh?
- How Much Room Does a Mixer Truck Need?
- What Is a Hot Load of Concrete?
- What Is a Short Load of Concrete?
- What Is the 90 Minute Rule for Ready Mix?
- Where Does Concrete Washout Go?
- Who Fixes Curb Damage From Delivery Trucks?
- Why Do Crews Order Extra Concrete?
- Will a Concrete Truck Crack My Driveway?
Pumping
15 questions- Can You Pump Concrete Through a House?
- Can You Pump Concrete Uphill?
- Can You Pump Concrete in Cold Weather?
- Can You Pump Footings?
- Can You Pump a Basement Floor?
- Does My Pour Need a Pump?
- Does Pumped Concrete Need a Special Mix?
- Does Pumping Weaken Concrete?
- Does a Pump Protect My Yard From Truck Damage?
- How Does a Concrete Line Pump Work?
- How Much Room Does a Line Pump Need?
- How Much Time Does a Concrete Pump Save?
- Is a Pump Worth It for a Small Pour?
- Line Pump vs Boom Pump: What Is the Difference?
- Who Runs the Pump Hose on a Pour?
Finishes and looks
15 questions- Can New Concrete Match the Old Color?
- Can Old Concrete Look New Again?
- Can You Darken Plain Gray Concrete?
- Does Colored Concrete Fade?
- Glossy or Matte Concrete Sealer?
- How Long Does Stamped Concrete Last?
- Is Smooth Concrete Slippery Outside?
- Is Stamped Concrete Slippery?
- Saw Cut or Tooled Joints: Which Looks Better?
- What Colors Can Concrete Be?
- What Edge Styles Does Concrete Get?
- What Is Cure and Seal?
- What Is Exposed Aggregate?
- What Is a Swirl Finish?
- Why Broom Finish Outdoor Concrete?
Repair and maintenance
15 questions- Can Tree Roots Lift Concrete?
- Can You Fill Concrete Cracks Yourself?
- Do Tire Marks Come Off Concrete?
- How Do You Fix a Washed Out Driveway Shoulder?
- How Do You Get Oil Stains Off Concrete?
- How Do You Remove Paint From Concrete?
- How Long Does a Concrete Driveway Last?
- How Often Should Concrete Be Resealed?
- Is Pressure Washing Safe for Concrete?
- Resurface or Replace: Which Does a Driveway Need?
- What Causes Rust Stains on Concrete?
- What Is Mudjacking?
- When Should Concrete Joints Be Recaulked?
- Why Does Moss Grow on Shaded Concrete?
- Why Does Water Pool on My Slab?
Foundations and structural
13 questions- Can You Build a Garage on an Existing Slab?
- Do Pole Barns Need Footers?
- Footer vs Foundation: What Is the Difference?
- How Thick Are Poured Basement Walls?
- Is a Horizontal Wall Crack Serious?
- Monolithic Slab vs Stem Wall: Which Fits Your Build?
- Slab or Crawlspace for a New House Here?
- Waterproofing vs Dampproofing a Wall?
- What Are Anchor Bolts For?
- What Are Sonotubes?
- What Is Underpinning?
- What Is a Brick Ledge?
- What Is a Frost Protected Shallow Foundation?
Projects and planning
13 questions- Can I Change the Size After the Estimate?
- Can a Pour Happen in One Day?
- Do You Help With Layout and Design?
- How Do You Measure a Driveway for Concrete?
- How Far Out Should You Book a Concrete Crew?
- How Long Does a Driveway Job Take?
- How Long Does a Patio Job Take?
- What Happens on Prep Day?
- What Happens to Leftover Concrete?
- What Is in a Written Concrete Estimate?
- What Should I Do Before the Crew Arrives?
- Where Does Torn Out Concrete Go?
- Will My Grass Get Damaged During the Job?
Weather and seasons
16 questions- Can You Pour Concrete Below 40 Degrees?
- Can You Pour Concrete in Summer Heat?
- Can You Pour Concrete in Winter in Virginia?
- Can You Pour Concrete in the Rain?
- Does Mountain Elevation Change a Concrete Pour?
- Does Snow Hurt New Concrete?
- Does Wind Affect a Concrete Pour?
- Is Salt Safe on New Concrete?
- What Does Mud Season Mean for Concrete Work?
- What Forecast Cancels a Concrete Pour?
- What Is Frost Heave?
- What Is the Best Season to Pour Concrete Here?
- When Can You Plow a New Concrete Driveway?
- When Is the Fall Pour Cutoff in the Mountains?
- Which Ice Melt Is Safe for Concrete?
- Why Freeze Thaw Matters in the Blue Ridge?
Farm and rural
14 questions- Can Concrete Trucks Use Gravel Farm Roads?
- Can a Storage Building Sit on Concrete Piers?
- Do Farm Shops Need Floor Drains?
- Do Fence Posts Need Concrete?
- How Do You Pour in a Working Barnyard?
- How Thick Should a Barn Floor Be?
- How Thick Should an Equipment Pad Be?
- What Concrete Handles Manure Exposure?
- What Goes Under a Grain Bin?
- What Holds Up a Tractor Shed Floor?
- What Is a Concrete Feed Pad?
- What Is a Silage Pad?
- What Is a Stock Tank Pad?
- Why Is Cattle Concrete Grooved?
Local and service area
13 questions- Can You Reach a Mountain Cabin Site?
- Do Contractors Book You Across the Region?
- Do Small Towns Get the Same Crew?
- Do You Come Out for On Site Estimates?
- Do You Cover the New River Valley?
- Do You Pour Concrete in Blacksburg?
- Do You Pour Concrete in Roanoke?
- Do You Work Across the North Carolina Line?
- Does Winter Shrink Your Service Area?
- How Fast Can You Get to Galax?
- Is Hillsville Your Home Turf?
- Is Mount Airy in Your Service Area?
- Where Is the Bowman Griffin Shop?