Prep still comes first, just at a smaller scale
A patio gets the same sequence a driveway does. The outline is staked, sod and soft dirt come off, the grade gets cut so water moves away from the house instead of pooling against it, and crushed stone goes down and gets compacted before any forms go up. Steel or mesh follows the forms, not the other way around.
Less material moves on a patio than on a driveway, since the footprint is usually smaller, but none of the steps get skipped because of that. A patio built on skipped prep fails the same way a driveway does, it just does it in a smaller area.
Why the pour itself often moves faster
A typical patio is a smaller pour than a typical driveway, so the truck or the trailer line pump is often placing concrete for a couple of hours rather than most of a morning. If the yardage is small enough, the whole pour can be done well inside a single load.
That speed on the placing end does not carry over to the rest of the timeline. Prep before it and cure after it run on their own clock, not on how fast the concrete went down.
Finish is what actually sets the clock after the pour
Patios carry more decorative finish work than almost anything else we pour, and that is what stretches the day. A broom finish moves fastest and is right for a plain, functional patio. Stamped concrete takes longer, since the pattern has to be pressed in while the slab is still workable. Exposed aggregate adds its own step, a wash and expose pass after the surface sets enough to hold the stone but not so much that it will not release.
Control joints get cut the same day regardless of finish, on a spacing that fits the slab, so shrinkage lands where it was planned to instead of wandering across an open patio.
The cure clock after the crew leaves
Curing keeps going whether or not anyone is on site to watch it. You can typically walk on a new patio in 24 to 48 hours. Anything with real weight sitting in one spot, a loaded planter, a grill, a hot tub, deserves the same patience you would give a parked car: roughly a week before it goes on, longer if the weather has been cold.
Full strength lands near 28 days. That is not a hard line where the slab suddenly changes, it is roughly when the concrete stops gaining strength fast and settles into what it will be for the next thirty years.